Free Lecture Notes & Study Materials

Lecture Notes & Study Materials

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Select your topics:


@. Biochemistry:

@. Carbohydrates (1): Introduction

@. Carbohydrates (2): Monosaccharides

@. Carbohydrates (3): Disaccharides

@. Mechanisms of Enzyme and Enzymatic Regulation

@. Nucleotide Biosynthesis (Purine & Pyrimidine Synthesis: De-novo & Salvage Pathways)

@. Enzyme Specificity

@. Membrane Lipids: Properties, Structure and Classification

@. Difference Between Animals Fats and Plant Fats

@. pH Scale: Ionization of water, pH of water (with video tutorial)

@. Titration Curve of a Weak Acid and its pKa

@. How to Derive Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation (pH and pKa)

@. Calculation of pH and pKa using Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

@. Biological Significance of Water

@. How Hydrogen Bonds are Formed in Water?

@. Proton Hopping in Water

@. Physical, Chemical and Unusual Properties of Water and its Biological Significance

@. Classification of Proteins based on Structure and Functions

@. Bonds involved in Protein Structure and Conformation

@. Comparison between Collagen and Keratin

More Biochemistry Lecture Notes  → Biochemistry




@. Human Physiology and Endocrinology

@. Difference Between Arteries and Veins

@. Difference between Blood Plasma and Serum

@. Difference Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

@. Difference between Bone and Cartilage

@. Difference between Tendon and Ligament

@. Difference between Compact and Spongy Bone (Cortical vs Cancellous Bone)

@. Difference between Osteoblast and Osteoclast

More Human Physiology Lecture Notes  → Endocrinology


@. Plant Physiology

@. Difference between Diffusion and Osmosis

@. Difference between Simple and Facilitated Diffusion

@. Difference between Active and Passive Absorption of Water

@. Mechanism of Mineral Absorption in Plants

@. Compare Micronutrients and Macronutrients of Plants

@. Compare Cyclic and Noncyclic Photophosphorylation

@. Difference between C3 and C4 Cycle of Photosynthesis

@. Difference between C3 and C4 Plants

@. Difference between Mesophyll Chloroplasts and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts in C4 Plants

@. Compare Photorespiration and Respiration

@. Difference between Transpiration and Guttation

@. Compare the Effects of Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid

More Plant Physiology Lecture Notes  → Physiology




@.  Biotechnology:

@. Enzyme Immobilization: Techniques of enzyme and whole cell immobilization

@. Compare Endonuclease and Exonuclease – Mechanism of action

@. Fermentation Process (Batch, Fed-batch and Continuous Fermentation)

@. Difference between Batch and Continuous Fermentation Process

@. Solid State Fermentation: Advantages & Disadvantages

@. Animal Cell Culture: Advantages and Disadvantages

@. Applications of Restriction Enzymes

More Biotechnology Lecture Notes  → Biotechnology


@. Molecular Biology:

@. Philadelphia Chromosome: Formation & Genetic Consequences

@. Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Regulation of Cancer (with PPT)

@. Tumor Suppressor Gene Rb and its Role in Cell Cycle and Cancer

@. DNA Repair Mechanism: Part I – Introduction / Overview (with video tutorial)

@. DNA Repair Mechanism: Part II – Photoreactivation of DNA (with video tutorial)

@. DNA Repair Mechanism: Part III – Base Excision Repair of DNA (with video tutorial)

@. DNA Repair Mechanism: Part IV – Nucleotide Excision Repair (UvrABC Repair) (with video tutorial)

@. DuPraw Folded Fibre Model of Chromosome

@. Nucleosome Model of Chromosomes

@. Classification of Chromosomes based on Position of Centromere

@. Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosomes

@. Different Types of DNA (A-DNA, B-DNA and Z-DNA)

@. Difference between DNA and RNA

@. Difference between ssDNA and dsDNA

@. Karyotype and Idiogram: Preparation and Clinical Significance

@. Difference between Apoptosis and Necrosis

@. Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanism of Programmed Cell Death

@. Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis (Intrinsic Signalling)

@. Extrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis (Extrinsic Signalling)

More Molecular Biology Lecture Notes  → Molecular Biology




@. Genetics

@. Introduction to Genetics (Genetics Terminologies with PPT)

@. Pisum sativum: Model organism in Genetics

@. Mendelian Genetics: Monohybrid Inheritance

@. Genic Balance Theory of Sex Determination in Drosophila

@. Sex Determination Mechanisms in Plants (Melandrium album)

@. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and Principles of Population Genetics

@. Difference between Linkage and Crossing Over

More Genetics Lecture Notes  → Genetics


@. Microbiology

@. Difference Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

@. Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA

@. Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosomes

@. Difference Between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

@. Compare Bacterial Endotoxins and Exotoxins

@. Compare the Cell Wall of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

@. Cell Surface Appendages of Bacteria (Flagella, Fimbriae and Pili)

@. Bacterial Endospore: Structure, Characteristics and Formation

@. Difference between Bacterial Endospores and Vegetative Cells

@. Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription

@. Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation

@. Difference Between Eubacteria, Archaebacteria and Eukarya (A Comparison Table)

@. Difference Between Murein and Pseudomurein

@. Difference Between Fimbriae and Pili

@. Difference Between Flagella and Fimbriae

@. Difference Between Flagella and Pili

@. Compare Sterilization and Disinfection

More Microbiology Lecture Notes  → Microbiology


@. Immunology

@. Immunoglobulins (Ig) Structure and Functions

@. Antibody vs Immunoglobulin – Same or Different?

@. Compare Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity

@. Compare Active Immunity and Passive Immunity

@. Compare Cell-mediated and Humoral Immunity

@. Interferons: Classification and Functions

@. Difference between Type I and Type II Interferons

More Immunology Lecture Notes  → Immunology


@. Ecology & Biodiversity

@. Process of Ecological Succession (with PPT)

@. Different Types of Ecological Succession- Classification

@. Hydrosere: Stages of a Hydrarch Succession with PPT

@. Biological Interactions (Positive and Negative Interactions in a Population)

@. Biodiversity: Introduction, Classification, Measurements and Significance

@. Major Threats to Biodiversity

@. Why Biodiversity is Rich in Tropics?

@. Difference Between Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Lake

@. Parasitic Adaptations (Animals and Plants)

@. Adaptations of Hydrophytes

@. Adaptations of Xerophytes

More Ecology Lecture Notes  → Ecology


@. Biophysics (Biophysical Instrumentation)

@. Difference Between Light Microscope and Electron Microscope

@. Difference between Phase Contrast Microscopy and DIC

@. Compare Gas Solid and Gas Liquid Chromatography

@. Characteristics of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays

@. Compare the Properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays

@. Difference between GM Counter and Scintillation Counter

@. Difference between Proportional Counter and GM Counter

@. Difference between Diffusion and Osmosis

@. Difference between Simple and Facilitated Diffusion

@. Comparison of True Solution, Colloids and Suspension (Table)

@. Difference between Colloids and Crystalloids

@. Difference between Sol and Gel

@. Compare Lyophilic and Lyophobic Sols

@. Difference between Covalent Bond and Ionic Bond

@. Difference between Covalent Bond and Metallic Bond

@. Difference between Covalent Bond and Hydrogen Bond

More Biophysics Lecture Notes  → Biophysics




@. Biostatistics

@. Data Representation Part 1: Tables and Tabulation + PPT

@. Data Representation Part 2: Frequency Distribution Table + PPT

@. Data Representation Part 3: Graphical Representation 1 + PPT

@. Data Representation part 3: Graphical Representation 2 + PPT

@. Type I and Type II Error in Statistics

More Biostatistics Lecture Notes  → Biostatistics


@. Research Methodology 

@. What is Science? (The Concept of Science and Scientific Knowledge) 

@. Botany


@. Zoology


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