Microscopy is one of the most powerful tools in biology, allowing us to visualize structures invisible to the naked eye. For undergraduate and postgraduate students, […]
An electron microscope uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify specimens. It provides very high resolution, allowing scientists to see structures at […]
Dark field microscopy is a technique that enhances contrast by using a special condenser to block direct light. Only scattered light from the specimen enters […]
A confocal microscope is an advanced optical microscope that uses laser light to scan specimens point by point. It employs a pinhole aperture to block […]
A compound microscope is an optical instrument that uses two sets of lenses, the objective and the eyepiece, to magnify small specimens for detailed observation. […]
Bennettitales (Cycadeoideales) PPT: Bennettitales were an extinct group of seed plants that thrived during the Mesozoic era, especially in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. They […]
Cycadeoideales (Bennettitales) were an extinct group of seed plants that flourished during the Mesozoic era, especially from the Triassic to mid-Cretaceous periods. They resembled modern […]
Caytoniales PPT: Caytoniales are an extinct group of seed ferns that thrived during the Mesozoic era, particularly in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. They are […]
Caytoniales are an extinct group of Mesozoic gymnosperms known primarily from fossil remains. They are characterized by fern-like compound leaves, enclosed ovules within fleshy cupules, […]