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mRNA Vaccine: Principle and Application
The development of mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases is a significant milestone in the history of medicine. These vaccines have global attention for their extraordinary […]
The development of mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases is a significant milestone in the history of medicine. These vaccines have global attention for their extraordinary […]
Photosynthesis is the biological process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (a form of sugar) […]
A TI (tumour-inducing) plasmid is a type of circular DNA molecule found in certain strains of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. It plays a crucial role […]
Pyrimidine synthesis is a biochemical pathway to produce pyrimidine nucleotides, which are key components of DNA, RNA, and molecules like ATP and UTP. It involves […]
Purine synthesis is a biochemical pathway that cells use to produce purine nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA. It involves a series of […]
A phase-contrast microscope is an optical instrument used in microscopy to enhance the contrast of transparent and translucent specimens, such as living cells, that are […]
The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, ranging from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline), with 7 […]
Genetic diversity is the cornerstone of evolution, enabling species to adapt and thrive in changing environments. At the heart of this diversity lie Mobile Genetic […]
Cyanobacteria and bacteria are both prokaryotic single celled microorganisms, but cyanobacteria are a specific group known as blue-green algae. The primary difference is that cyanobacteria […]