A phase-contrast microscope is an optical instrument used in microscopy to enhance the contrast of transparent and translucent specimens, such as living cells, that are difficult to visualize using traditional bright-field microscopy. It accomplishes this by exploiting the differences in phase between light waves passing through different parts of the specimen, producing detailed and high-contrast […]
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MCQ on pH Scale and its Applications
The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, ranging from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline), with 7 being neutral. It quantifies the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, where lower values indicate higher acidity and higher values indicate greater alkalinity. This is an MCQ on pH […]
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Mobile Genetic Elements and Their Impact on Genome Evolution
Genetic diversity is the cornerstone of evolution, enabling species to adapt and thrive in changing environments. At the heart of this diversity lie Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs), fascinating pieces of DNA that have the remarkable ability to traverse genomes. This essay dig into the intricacies of mobile genetic elements, exploring their types, mechanisms, and the […]
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Difference between Cyanobacteria and Bacteria
Cyanobacteria and bacteria are both prokaryotic single celled microorganisms, but cyanobacteria are a specific group known as blue-green algae. The primary difference is that cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis due to their chlorophyll-containing cells, while typical bacteria cannot. This ability allows cyanobacteria to produce oxygen and is responsible for their characteristic blue-green colour. This article discusses […]
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Difference between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways of Apoptosis
The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are two mechanisms of apoptosis or programmed cell death. This classification is based on the source of stimuli that induces the apoptotic cell death. Intrinsic Pathway: This pathway is initiated within the cell due to internal stress, such as DNA damage or cellular damage. It involves the release of pro-apoptotic […]
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