Allopatric Speciation and Sympatric Speciation are two major modes of speciation, the process by which new species arise. These two types differ in terms of geographic isolation and the mechanisms that drive the speciation process.
Allopatric Speciation occurs when a population is geographically separated into two or more isolated groups by a physical barrier (such as a mountain range, river, or ocean). Over time, genetic differences accumulate in the isolated populations due to different selective pressures or genetic drift, leading to the formation of new species.
Sympatric Speciation occurs when new species arise from a single population that continues to inhabit the same geographic area. This can happen through mechanisms like ecological isolation, sexual selection, or genetic mutations that prevent interbreeding within the population, despite the lack of a physical barrier.
This is an MCQ on Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation with Answers.
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