Human Physiology Multiple Choice Questions with Answer Key (MCQ 05, PG Level)

A diabetic patient has a high blood glucose level due to reduced entry of glucose into various peripheral tissues in addition to other causes. There is no problem of glucose absorption, however, in the small intestine of these patients. The following statements are put forward to explain this observation:

(A). Glucose is transported into the cells of muscles by glucose transporters (GLUTs) which are influenced by insulin receptor activation.
(B). Glucose transport into the enterocytes is mediated by sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) which are not dependent on insulin.
(C). Glucose molecules are transported in the small intestine by facilitated diffusion.
(D). The secondary active transport of glucose occurs in muscles.

Which one of the above statement(s) is INCORRECT? (CSIR_2016_I)

Action potentials were recorded intracellularly from different parts of mammalian heart and these are shown below. Which one of these has been recorded from sinoatrial node? (CSIR_2016_I)

Which one of the following options correctly relates the source gland/organ with its respective hormone as well as function? (CSIR_2016_I)

The following statements describe the possible functions of the outer hair cells (OHC) of organ of Corti:

(A). The outer hair cells (OHC) are depolarized or hyperpolarized depending on the direction of movement of stereocilia.
(B). The OHC are lengthened in depolarization and shortened in hyperpolarization
(C). The OHC decrease the amplitude and clarity of sound by shortening and lengthening.
(D). The efferent nerve fibers of olivocochlear bundle modulate the sensitivity of the OHC
(E). The effect of stimulation of olivocochlear bundle on the OHC is excitatory.

Which one of the options given below represents the correct statements? (CSIR_2017_II)

The pacemaker cells of sinoatrial node (SA node) are inhibited by the stimulation of vagus nerve. The probable mechanisms of this inhibition are stated as follows:

(A). The acetylcholine- regulated K+ channels are activated
(B). The outward K+ causes hyperpolarization of pacemaker cells
(C). The inward “funny current” of pacemaker potential is increased
(D). The increased intracellular cAMP, induced by activation of M2 muscarinic receptors, slows the opening of Ca++ channels

Choose the answer with correct statements. (CSIR_2017_II)

In the glomerular capillary (GC), fluid moves into Bowman’s capsule through its almost entire length. But in the muscle capillary (MC), fluid moves into interstitial space at its arteriolar end. The difference between these two capillaries is explained in the following proposed statements:

(A). Afferent and efferent arterioles are present on the two ends of GC, but in MC, arteriole and venule are present on two ends.
(B). The hydrostatic pressure in GC is higher than that in MC.
(C). The efferent arteriole in GC has a relatively low resistance, but venules in MC has a high resistance.
(D). The difference of hydrostatic pressure between two ends of GC is relatively more but it is negligible in MC.
(E). The difference of oncotic pressure between two ends of MC is negligible but it is relatively more in GC.
(F). The net filtration pressure falls to zero at the efferent end of GC but it is 9 mm Hg inward at the venular end of MC.

Which of the above statements are INCORRECT? (CSIR_2017_II)

Relative rates of red blood cells production in bone marrow of different bones of different ages are shown below:

Identify the correct figure. (CSIR_2017_II)

Mammillary bodies are present in (CSIR_2017_II)

The below figure depicts the regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Changes in cortisol level in Addison’s disease can lead to: (CSIR_2017_II)

When a skeletal muscle was passively stretched, it contracted reflexly. However, when the muscle was over stretched in this way it showed sudden cessation of contraction followed by relaxation. The following statements provided the possible explanation of these observations:

(A). The passive stretching of muscle caused stretching of muscle spindle
(B). The over stretching of muscle stimulated Golgi tendon organ
(C). Group 1b sensory nerve fibers were stimulated by stretching of muscle spindle
(D). Group 1b sensory nerve fibers stimulated α-motor neurons that supplied the muscle from which these fibers arose.
(E). Group 1a sensory nerve fibers were connected to Golgi tendon organ.
(F). The stimulation of group 1a sensory fibers led to the production of IPSP on the α- motor neurons that supplied the muscle from which these fibers arose.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? (CSIR_2017_II)