Cordaitales is an extinct group of primitive gymnosperms that thrived predominantly during the late Paleozoic era, particularly in the Carboniferous and Permian periods. They are among the earliest members of the class Coniferopsida and are considered ancestral to both Coniferales and Ginkgoales. These plants were characterized by tall, woody trees […]
Functions of Proteins PPT: Proteins perform a vast array of essential functions in living organisms. Structurally, they provide support and shape to cells and tissues—collagen in connective tissues and keratin in hair and nails are examples. Enzymatic proteins, like amylase and DNA polymerase, catalyze biochemical reactions necessary for life. Transport […]
Structure of Proteins PPT: Proteins are complex biomolecules made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, and their structure is organized into four levels. The primary structure is the unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. This sequence determines the protein’s characteristics and function. The secondary structure […]
Characteristics of Peptide Bond PPT: A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water in the process. This reaction is known as a dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction. Peptide bonds are planar […]
Amino acids are classified based on the properties of their R groups, which influence their behavior in proteins. The main categories include nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids like valine and leucine, which repel water and are usually found in the protein core. Polar uncharged amino acids, such as serine and threonine, […]