Learning Objectives: What is Biotechnology? What is Genetic Engineering? What is Recombinannt DNA (rDNA) Technology? Tools in Recombinant DNA Technology, Restriction Enzymes and their Uses in Biotechnology, Naming of Restriction Enzymes, Gel Electrophoresis, Cloning Vectores, Plasmid Vectors, pBR322 Cloning Vector, Features of a Cloning Vector, Insertional Inactivation, What are Competent […]
Learning Objectives: Development of Endosperm, Development of Embryo. Structure of Dicot Emrbyo, Parts of Embryo – Embryonal Axis, Epicotyl, Hypocotyl, Cotylendons, Radicle and Plumule. Structure of Seed, Types of Seeds, Endospermous and Non-endospermous Seeds, Albuminous and Non-albuminous Seeds, Perisperm, Seed Dormancy, Fruits, Parthenocarpic Fruits, Apomixis and Polyembryony. To download the […]
Learning Objectives: Learning Objectives: Pollination, Kinds of Pollination – Autogamy, Geitonogamy and Xenogamy. Cross Pollination and Self-pollination. Advantages of Cross Pollination. Agents of Pollination – Biotic Agents and Abiotic Agents. Anemophily, Hydrophily, Zoophily and Entomophily. Outbreeding Devices. Adaptations to Promote Xenogamy. Pollen Pistil Interactions. Artificial Hybridization. Emasculation. Double Fertilization. To […]
Learning Objectives: What is Flower? Structure of Flower. Parts of a typical Angiospermic Flower. Non-essential whorls of a flower – Cayx and Corolla. Essential whorls of a flower – Androecium and Gynoecium. Structure of Stamen – Filament, Anther and Connective. Structure of Microsporangium. Steps of microsporogenesis. Structure of pollen grains. […]
Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Despite their simple appearance, lichens play a significant role in the economy and contribute to several industries. The present article discusses the Economic Importance of Lichens. Here we will discuss both the beneficial and harmful aspects of lichens. Learn […]