Purine and Pyrimidine metabolism are essential biochemical pathways responsible for the synthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Purines (like adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (like cytosine, thymine, and uracil) are the buildin blocks of DNA and RNA. These pathways ensure the balanced production and utilization of these nucleotides, […]
Taq DNA polymerase is a heat-resistant enzyme derived from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus. It is widely used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) due to its ability to withstand high temperatures, making it suitable for DNA amplification by withstanding the denaturation step at high temperatures during PCR. This is an […]
Southern blotting is a molecular biology technique used to detect specific DNA sequences in a sample. It involves digesting DNA, electrophoresis, transferring the DNA to a membrane, and then using a labeled probe to hybridize and identify the target DNA sequence. This technique is named after its inventor, Edwin Southern. […]
pBR322 is a well-known plasmid DNA used in molecular biology and biotechnology. It was one of the first plasmids developed for cloning and genetic engineering. pBR322 contains genes for antibiotic resistance and multiple cloning sites, making it a valuable tool for DNA manipulation and recombinant DNA studies. This is an […]
Vaccines are one of the most significant medical breakthroughs in the history of public health. They have saved countless lives, prevented the spread of devastating diseases, and played a pivotal role in improving the quality of life for individuals and communities. In this essay (Notes on Vaccines), we will explore […]