Proton Hopping in water is the process of diffusion of protons (H⁺ ions) through the network of hydrogen-bonded water molecules in the liquid water. Proton hopping is also called as Grotthuss mechanism, named after the discoverer Theodor Grotthuss. The net result of proton hopping is the fast movement of H⁺ […]
How to Calculate pH and pKa of a Buffer using Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation? Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a numerical expression which relates the pH, pKa and Buffer Action of a buffer. A buffer is a solution which can resist the change in pH. Chemically, a buffer is a solution of equimolar concentration […]
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a simple expression which relates the pH, pKa and the buffer action of a weak acid and its conjugate base. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation also describes the characteristic shape of the titration curve of any weak acid such as acetic acid, phosphoric acid, or any amino acid. The […]
Keratinized vs Non-keratinized Epithelium Epithelium constitutes the outer layer of body surfaces, linings of the alimentary canal and the walls of hollow structures. It covers the internal or external surfaces of the body. The functions epithelial tissue is to protect the underlying tissues from physical damages, infection, desiccation, UV radiation […]
B-Cells vs T-Cells Difference between B Cells and T Cells: Lymphocytes are the key cells of the immune system and they are responsible for the adaptive immune response of an organism. They are also responsible many of the immunological characteristics such as specificity, diversity, memory and self/non-self recognition. Lymphocytes constitute […]