Learning Objectives: What is Flower? Structure of Flower. Parts of a typical Angiospermic Flower. Non-essential whorls of a flower – Cayx and Corolla. Essential whorls of a flower – Androecium and Gynoecium. Structure of Stamen – Filament, Anther and Connective. Structure of Microsporangium. Steps of microsporogenesis. Structure of pollen grains. […]
Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Despite their simple appearance, lichens play a significant role in the economy and contribute to several industries. The present article discusses the Economic Importance of Lichens. Here we will discuss both the beneficial and harmful aspects of lichens. Learn […]
(1). What is hypothesis? A hypothesis is a statement or an assumption about a phenomenon or a relationship between variables. It is a proposed explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a research question. In research, hypotheses are tested through experiments or data analysis using a test […]
Gymnosperms are a group of seed plants that produce naked seeds, which are not protected (enclosed) in the ovary. They are an important Division of the Plant Kingdom and are distributed across the world in various regions. In India, they are found in various habitats, ranging from tropical forests to […]
Biotechnology Principles and Processes Class 12: This is the Part-2 of the notes of NCERT Class-12 Biotechnology Principles and Processes Chapter. This article discusses the Process or Steps in Recombinant DNA Technology and Fermentation Technology. This is the continuation of our Plus Two Botany Notes series. You can download the […]