Soredia and Isidia are two different types of reproductive structures produced by lichens. Both soredia and isidia play important roles in the reproduction and dispersal of lichens. However, they differ in their structure and function. In this post we discuss the Similarities and Difference between Soredia and Isidia with a comparison table. You can download […]
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Plus Two Botany Notes PDF (Biotechnology Principles and Processes) Part – 2
Learning Objectives: The Process of Recombinant DNA Technology. The Seven Steps of rDNA Technology. Isolation of DNA, Fragmentation of DNA with Restriction Enzymes, Isolation of Desired DNA, Ligation of DNA to a Cloning Vector, Transfering rDNA to Host, Large Scale Production and Extraction of Desired Product, Applications of PCR and Biocreactors in Biotechnology. To download […]
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NCERT Class 12 Botany Notes PDF (Biotechnology Principles and Processes) Part – 1
Learning Objectives: What is Biotechnology? What is Genetic Engineering? What is Recombinannt DNA (rDNA) Technology? Tools in Recombinant DNA Technology, Restriction Enzymes and their Uses in Biotechnology, Naming of Restriction Enzymes, Gel Electrophoresis, Cloning Vectores, Plasmid Vectors, pBR322 Cloning Vector, Features of a Cloning Vector, Insertional Inactivation, What are Competent Cells? What is the Significance […]
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NCERT Class 12 Botany Notes PDF (Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Part-3)
Learning Objectives: Development of Endosperm, Development of Embryo. Structure of Dicot Emrbyo, Parts of Embryo – Embryonal Axis, Epicotyl, Hypocotyl, Cotylendons, Radicle and Plumule. Structure of Seed, Types of Seeds, Endospermous and Non-endospermous Seeds, Albuminous and Non-albuminous Seeds, Perisperm, Seed Dormancy, Fruits, Parthenocarpic Fruits, Apomixis and Polyembryony. To download the notes as PDF, please click […]
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Plus Two Botany Notes PDF (Sexual Reproduction in Plants – Part -2) Pollination and Fertilization
Learning Objectives: Learning Objectives: Pollination, Kinds of Pollination – Autogamy, Geitonogamy and Xenogamy. Cross Pollination and Self-pollination. Advantages of Cross Pollination. Agents of Pollination – Biotic Agents and Abiotic Agents. Anemophily, Hydrophily, Zoophily and Entomophily. Outbreeding Devices. Adaptations to Promote Xenogamy. Pollen Pistil Interactions. Artificial Hybridization. Emasculation. Double Fertilization. To download the notes as PDF, […]
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