The defense mechanisms employed by plants against diseases are frequently chemical in origin. These resistance mechanisms could be induced or naturally present. The host plant tissues have built-in defense systems before they come into touch with pathogens. There are two different categories of disease resistance in plants namely (1) Vertical Resistance and (2). Horizontal Resistance that are used by plants to resist against pathogenic infections.The present post summarize the Difference between Vertical and Horizontal Resistance in plants.
Ø Vertical Resistance: A pathogen specific resistance present in plants, controlled by one or few genes, that offer resistance against a particular pathogen.
Ø Horizontal Resistance: A non-specific form of resistance, involving multiple genes, provides broad-spectrum protection against a range of pathogens.
Learn more: Toxins in Pathogenesis
Difference between Veritical and Horizontal Resistance
| Characteristics | Vertical Resistance | Horizontal Resistance |
|---|---|---|
| Type of Resistance | Specific | Non-specific |
| Number of genes involved | Singe or few genes | Many genes |
| Inheritance of resistance | Monogenic or Oligogenic inheritance | Polygenic inheritance |
| Durability of resistance | Long lived resistance | Short-lived resistance |
| Mechanism of resistance | Recognition of pathogen and its inactivation by pathogen specific mechanisms | Resistance offered by the activation of innate immune system. |
| Specificity | Narrow spectrum (specific to a pathogen or few of its strains) | Broad spectrum (effective against many paghogens) |
| Phenotypic Expression | Qualitative phenotype | Quantitative phenotype |
| Speed of action | Slow acting | Fast acting |
| Adaptation (resistance) of the pathogen | Less likely | More likely |
| Influence of the environment | Not influenced by the environment | Can be influenced by the environment |
Similarities between Vertical and Horizontal Resistance
Ø Both types of resistance mechanisms operate in plants.
Ø Both are genetically controlled
Ø Both can be targeted by a plant breeder for the improvement.
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