Botany questions in MSc entrance exams are designed to test in-depth knowledge of plant sciences and related disciplines. Topics often include advanced plant physiology, molecular biology, genetics, taxonomy, and plant biotechnology. Analytical questions that require understanding complex plant mechanisms and research-based problem-solving are common. A strong grasp of practical applications and recent advancements in botany helps in excelling. Comprehensive preparation through textbooks, research articles, and practice with prior exam papers is essential for success. This article is about Botany MCQ for MSc Entrance Exam with Answers. You can download the questions as PDF from the link given below the post.
Botany Notes | Botany PPTs | Botany MCQs
(1) Which of the following is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?
(a) Absorption of water
(b) Synthesis of proteins
(c) Absorption of light energy for photosynthesis
(d) Transport of nutrients
Answer: (c)
Chlorophyll is essential for absorbing light energy, which is then used in the process of photosynthesis.
(2) The process of photosynthesis takes place in which part of the plant cell?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Chloroplast
(c) Nucleus
(d) Ribosome
Answer: (b)
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, where chlorophyll absorbs light energy.
(3) The primary role of auxins in plants is to:
(a) Promote cell division
(b) Promote flowering
(c) Control plant growth direction
(d) Stimulate fruit ripening
Answer: (c)
Auxins primarily regulate plant growth by promoting elongation of cells, especially in the shoot tips.
(4) The term ‘xylem’ refers to:
(a) Tissue responsible for photosynthesis
(b) Tissue responsible for the transport of water
(c) Tissue responsible for the transport of food
(d) Tissue responsible for cell division
Answer: (b)
Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
(5) Which of the following is NOT a type of meristematic tissue?
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
(c) Intercalary meristem
(d) Collenchyma
Answer: (d)
Collenchyma is a type of permanent tissue, not meristematic tissue, and is involved in structural support.
(6) The process by which plants lose water through their leaves is called:
(a) Respiration
(b) Evaporation
(c) Transpiration
(d) Translocation
Answer: (c)
Transpiration is the loss of water vapor through the stomata in the leaves.
(7) In which part of the plant does cellular respiration mainly occur?
(a) Roots
(b) Stem
(c) Leaves
(d) All plant cells
Answer: (d)
Cellular respiration occurs in all plant cells, primarily in the mitochondria.
(8) The term ‘angiosperms’ refers to plants that:
(a) Have seeds exposed on cones
(b) Are non-flowering plants
(c) Have flowers and produce seeds enclosed in fruit
(d) Are vascular but lack seeds
Answer: (c)
Angiosperms are flowering plants whose seeds are enclosed in a fruit.
(9) Which of the following is a characteristic feature of gymnosperms?
(a) They have enclosed seeds
(b) They lack vascular tissue
(c) They have cones that contain exposed seeds
(d) They are non-vascular plants
Answer: (c)
Gymnosperms are characterized by seeds that are exposed, typically in cones.
(10) Which plant hormone is responsible for fruit ripening?
(a) Auxins
(b) Cytokinins
(c) Abscisic acid
(d) Ethylene
Answer: (d)
Ethylene is the hormone responsible for regulating fruit ripening.
(11) What is the function of phloem in plants?
(a) Transport of water
(b) Transport of food
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Support of plant structure
Answer: (b)
Phloem is responsible for transporting food, primarily sugars, throughout the plant.
(12) The process of nitrogen fixation in plants is carried out by:
(a) Chloroplasts
(b) Root nodules containing Rhizobium bacteria
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Fungi in the soil
Answer: (b)
Rhizobium bacteria, found in root nodules, fix nitrogen from the air into a usable form for plants.
(13) In which of the following does photoperiodism play a key role?
(a) Seed germination
(b) Flowering
(c) Growth of roots
(d) Water absorption
Answer: (b)
Photoperiodism influences the flowering of plants based on the length of day and night.
(14) The largest known flower in the world is produced by:
(a) Rafflesia arnoldii
(b) Amorphophallus titanum
(c) Lotus
(d) Sunflower
Answer: (a)
Rafflesia arnoldii produces the largest single flower, measuring up to 1 meter in diameter.
(15) Which of the following is the primary function of stomata in plants?
(a) Absorb nutrients
(b) Exchange gases
(c) Provide structural support
(d) Absorb water
Answer: (b)
Stomata are responsible for gas exchange, including the uptake of CO2 and the release of O2 and water vapor.
(16) Which of the following is a characteristic of dicot plants?
(a) Single cotyledon
(b) Parallel venation in leaves
(c) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
(d) Presence of fibrous root system
Answer: (c)
Dicots typically have vascular bundles arranged in a ring, which distinguishes them from monocots.
(17) Which process occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells?
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Transpiration
(c) Cellular respiration
(d) Germination
Answer: (c)
Cellular respiration, which generates ATP, occurs in the mitochondria.
(18) Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Water
Answer: (a)
Oxygen is produced as a byproduct during the process of photosynthesis in plants.
(19) Which part of the flower is responsible for producing pollen?
(a) Ovary
(b) Anther
(c) Stigma
(d) Sepal
Answer: (b)
The anther produces pollen, which contains male gametes.
(20) What is the main difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis?
(a) The type of pigment used
(b) The way carbon dioxide is fixed
(c) The location of the stomata
(d) The number of chloroplasts
Answer: (b)
C4 plants fix carbon dioxide differently, using a more efficient process for capturing CO2 in hot environments.
(21) Which of the following is not a part of the plant’s vascular system?
(a) Xylem
(b) Phloem
(c) Cambium
(d) Epidermis
Answer: (d)
The epidermis is not part of the vascular system, which is made up of xylem and phloem.
(22) Which of the following nutrients is essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Potassium
(c) Magnesium
(d) Phosphorus
Answer: (c)
Magnesium is a central component of chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis.
(23) The structure of the seed is composed of all except:
(a) Cotyledon
(b) Embryo
(c) Seed coat
(d) Fruit
Answer: (d)
The fruit is not a part of the seed structure; it develops from the ovary after fertilization.
(24) Which of the following is a type of asexual reproduction in plants?
(a) Pollination
(b) Seed formation
(c) Budding
(d) Fertilization
Answer: (c)
Budding is an asexual method of reproduction where new individuals form from a bud on the parent plant.
(25) The term “double fertilization” refers to:
(a) The fertilization of two eggs by two sperm cells
(b) The fusion of male and female gametes
(c) The fertilization process in which one sperm fuses with the egg and another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei
(d) Fertilization in gymnosperms
Answer: (c)
Double fertilization in angiosperms involves two fertilization events: one forms the zygote, and the other forms the triploid endosperm.
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