Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, unbranched polysaccharides made of repeating disaccharide units. Found in connective tissues, they provide structural support, regulate hydration, and contribute to the […]
Glycoproteins are proteins with attached carbohydrates (sugars). They play crucial roles in cell signaling, immunity, and structure. These molecules are involved in various biological functions, […]
Glycoconjugates are molecules composed of carbohydrates (sugars) linked to proteins, lipids, or other biomolecules. They play vital roles in cell communication, immunity, and structural support, […]
Gene mapping is the process of identifying and locating genes on a chromosome. It involves determining the relative positions of genes and their distances from […]
Crossing over is a genetic process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA. This exchange results in genetic variation among offspring by creating […]
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a sensitive laboratory technique that uses radioactive isotopes to measure the concentration of specific substances, such as hormones or antigens, in biological […]
Western blotting is a laboratory technique used to detect and analyze proteins. It involves separating proteins based on size through gel electrophoresis, transferring them to […]
Immunofluorescence is a laboratory technique that utilizes fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect and visualize specific proteins or antigens within cells or tissues. When exposed to […]
Green fluorescent proteins (GFP) are naturally occurring proteins that emit green light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Widely used as a biomarker, GFP […]