Post-transcriptional modifications are processes that modify pre-mRNA into mature mRNA after transcription in eukaryotic cells. These modifications include the addition of a 5′ cap, splicing […]
Chargaff’s rule is a key principle in molecular biology, stating that in DNA, the proportion of adenine (A) always equals that of thymine (T), and […]
DNA ligase is an essential enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides. It plays […]
DNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication by adding nucleotides to a pre-existing strand using the original DNA as […]
RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription. It binds to specific regions of the DNA called promoters and […]
Archaebacteria, or archaea, are a group of single-celled microorganisms distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes. They thrive in extreme environments like hot springs, salt lakes, and […]
Bacterial conjugation is a process where one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact. A donor cell with a plasmid forms a pilus […]
A restriction enzyme, or restriction endonuclease, is a protein produced by bacteria that cuts DNA at specific sequences, known as recognition sites. These enzymes serve […]
Restriction endonucleases, or restriction enzymes, are proteins that cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, usually palindromic. Found naturally in bacteria, they serve as a defense […]