Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle that describes the genetic composition of a population when allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation, provided that certain conditions such as random mating, no selection, no mutation, large population size, and no gene flow are met. It serves as a null […]
Gene Mutation refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations can occur due to various factors, including environmental influences, errors during DNA replication, or the action of mutagens. They can lead to changes in the protein produced by the gene, potentially affecting an […]
Epistasis is the phenomenon where the expression of one gene is affected by one or more other genes. This interaction can modify or completely mask the phenotypic effects of alleles at another locus. Epistasis is a key aspect of genetic regulation and plays a role in complex traits and disease […]
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA in cells. It occurs in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes decode mRNA sequences. This process involves three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Ribosomes, tRNAs, and various enzymes play crucial roles in translation. It is essential for gene expression and cellular function. […]
Chromosomes are structures composed of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information. They are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. Each chromosome contains many genes that determine hereditary traits. Chromosomes are visible during cell division when they condense and become distinguishable under […]