Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles within cells, acting as the powerhouse by generating energy through aerobic respiration. They produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), crucial for cellular functions, […]
Lysosomes are cellular structures filled with enzymes that digest and recycle cellular waste, damaged organelles, and foreign substances. They play a crucial role in maintaining […]
Chloroplasts are essential plant cell organelles containing chlorophyll, facilitating photosynthesis by capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy. This process produces glucose and […]
A monocot stem consists of epidermis with stomata, a scattered arrangement of vascular bundles containing xylem and phloem, and ground tissue. The stem lacks secondary […]
A monocot root comprises an epidermis with root hairs, a cortex for storage, and an endodermis with a Casparian strip. The vascular cylinder contains xylem […]
A monocot leaf has a single layer of epidermis with stomata for gas exchange. Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue, lacking a distinct […]
A dicot stem features epidermis, cortex, and pith. Vascular bundles, arranged in a ring, contain xylem for water transport and phloem for nutrient transport. The […]
A dicot root consists of a central vascular cylinder surrounded by cortex and endodermis. The vascular cylinder includes xylem for water transport and phloem for […]
A dicot leaf typically exhibits a broad, flattened shape with a reticulate venation pattern. Its structure includes an epidermis, mesophyll with palisade and spongy layers, […]