Difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are two major groups of Seed Plants (Cryptogams). In the previous post, we discussed the General Characters and Affinities of Gymnosperms. Here, in this post, we will discuss the Similarities and Difference between Gymnosperm and Angiosperm.

Similarities between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Ø  The main plant body in both gymnosperms and angiosperms is the diploid sporophyte.

Ø  In both groups, the sporophyte is differentiated into root, stem and leaves.

Ø  Vascular bundles are conjoined, collateral and open.

Ø  Secondary growth is present in gymnosperms and angiosperms (dicots)

Ø  Anomalous secondary thickening occurs in some gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Ø  Vessels and companion cells occur in some Gymnosperms (Gnetales).

Difference between Gymnosperm and Angiosperm

Ø  Pollination occurs in both groups.

Ø  Similar to gymnosperms, some Angiospermic plants are wind-pollinated.

Ø  In both groups, the gametophytic generation is highly reduced.

Ø  Gametophytic generation is completely dependent on the sporophytic generation in both groups.

Ø  Fertilization is siphonogamatic (with the help of pollen tube) in both groups.

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Ø  The development of megaspore into female gametophyte takes place inside the megasporangium (ovule) in both groups.

Ø  Well-developed embryo development is there in both groups.

Ø  Suspensor is formed during the embryo development in both groups.

Ø  Polyembryony is frequent in gymnosperms and in many angiosperms.

Ø  In both groups, the ovules develop into seeds.

Ø  The seed germination epigeal or hypogeal.

Difference between Gymnosperm and Angiosperm

Sl. No.GymnospermsAngiosperms
1Gymnosperms are mostly treesAngiosperms may be herbs, shrubs or trees
2Gymnospermic plants are evergreen plantsMost of the angiosperms are seasonal
3Leaves of gymnosperms are need like and thickLeaves of angiosperms are usually flat
4Xylem vessels are absentXylem vessels are present
5Companion cells are absent in the phloemCompanion cells present in the phloem
6Wood is soft-wood typeWood is hard-wood type
7Reproductive structures are aggregate to form conesCones are not produced in angiosperms
8Flowers are not producedPresence of flower is a characteristic feature of angiosperms
9The strobili in gymnosperms are unisexual (either male or female, never both)Flowers usually bisexual in angiosperms
10Ovules are naked in gymnospermsOvules covered inside the ovary
11Ovary absentOvary present
12Pollination by wind only(Anemophily)Pollination may occur through wind, water or most frequency by animals (pollinators)
13Style and stigma absent in gymnospermsStyle and stigma present
14Archegonia is presentArchegonia is absent
15Double fertilization absentDouble fertilization present in gymnosperms
16The endosperm is haploid in gymnospermsThe endosperm triploid in angiosperms
17The embryo is with one, two or many cotyledonsThe embryo in angiosperms is with either two (dicots) or one (monocots) cotyledons

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@. Difference between Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes

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