Most of the bacterial cells are surrounded by a thick rigid cell wall. The cell wall provides shape to the cell and protects the bacteria from changes in the osmotic pressure. Peptidoglycan (murein) is the principal component of the bacterial cell wall and it is responsible for the shape and extreme tough nature of the cell wall.
Based on the characteristics of the cell wall, the bacterial cells are classified into Gram Positive and Gram Negative, primarily based on the classical staining reaction called Gram Staining. In the previous post we have discussed about the Similarities and Differences between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria. Both Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial possess cell wall, however, their structural organization, chemical and physical properties varies. In general, the cell wall of Gram positive bacteria has simpler chemical structures compared to the Gram negative bacteria.
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The present post discusses the Differences between the Cell Wall of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with a comparison table.
Comparison of the Cell Wall of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria
Difference between the Cell Wall of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria
Character Gram Positive Bacteria Gram Negative Bacteria Gram Stained Bacterial Cells 
Reacting to Gram staining Retain the crystal violet stain (primary stain) and appear in purple under microscope Does not retain the crystal violet stain, appear as pink with safranin (counter stain) Composition of cell wall The cell wall primarily composed of peptidoglycan Cell wall contain three main components – (1) Lipopolysaccharides, (2) Lipoproteins and (3) Peptidoglycan Cell Wall of Bacteria 
Thickness of the cell wall Comparatively thick and homogenous cell wall. Comparatively thin and heterogeneous cell wall.
7.5 - 12 nm in thicknessPeptidoglycan layer Comparatively thick layer Thin layer Lipid Content Less lipid content, 1 – 4% Comparatively more lipid content, 11 – 22% Teichoic acid Teichoic acid present Teichoic acid absent Amino acid diversity Very less amino acid diversity High amino acid diversity Aromatic amino acids Absent Present Action as endotoxin Not act as endotoxin Acts as endotoxin Sulfur containing amino acids Absent in the cell wall Present in the cell wall Treated with lysosome Produce protoplast Produce spheroplast LPS LPS absent LPS present Outer membrane Absent Present Porins Absent (very rarely present) Present
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@. Difference between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria
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@. Difference between Peptidoglycan and Pseudopeptidoglycan
@. Bacterial Cell Surface Appendages (Flagella, Fimbriae and Pili)
@. Bacterial Endospores: Properties, Structure and Formation
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